Employment rate (i40)

  •  30/11/2023
  • objective 
  •  assessment 

In 2022, the employment rate in Belgium was 71.9%. To achieve the sustainable development goal by 2030, this figure must reach 80%. This objective will not be reached by continuing the trend since 2000 (data available in November 2023). The employment rate is therefore developing unfavourably.

The chart will appear within this DIV.
The chart will appear within this DIV.
The chart will appear within this DIV.
The chart will appear within this DIV.
The chart will appear within this DIV.
The chart will appear within this DIV.
The chart will appear within this DIV.
The chart will appear within this DIV.
The chart will appear within this DIV.

Employment rate - Belgium - trend assessment

percentage of working age population (20-64)

 20002005201020152020202220252030
observations65.866.567.667.269.771.9----
trend and extrapolation (November 2023)65.066.267.268.170.271.272.473.8
objective 203080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.0

break in series: 2001, 2005, 2011, 2017, 2021

Statbel; Eurostat (2022), European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), sdg_08_30 or lfsa_ergan, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (consulted on 28/10/2022); FPB calculations.

Employment rate - Belgium and international comparison

percentage of working age population (20-64)

 1993199520002005201020152017202020222022//19932022//20172022//2000
Belgium61.261.465.866.567.667.268.569.771.90.61.00.4
EU27----65.566.867.068.570.971.774.6--1.00.6
//: Average Growth Rates

break in time series: BE in 1999, 2001, 2005, 2017, 2021; EU in 2021; estimation BE 1993-1998

Statbel; Eurostat (2023), European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), before 2010 LFSI_EMP_A_H, from 2010 onwards LFSI_EMP_A, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (consulted on 06/10/2023).

Employment rate by region - Belgium

percentage of working age population (20-64)

 199920002005201020152017202020222022//19992022//2017
Brussels-Capital Region58.459.559.459.258.760.861.365.20.51.4
Flemish Region67.469.770.472.171.973.074.776.70.61.0
Walloon Region60.262.061.662.261.563.264.665.70.40.8
//: Average Growth Rates

The margin of uncertainty for this indicator is indicated in the text for the latest year. Break in time series: 1999, 2001, 2005, 2011, 2017, 2021

Statbel (2023), Direct communication 09/05/2023; Eurostat (2023), European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), lfst_r_lfe2emprtn, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (consulted on 06/10/2023).

Employment rate by sex - Belgium

percentage of working age population (20-64)

 1993199520002005201020152017202020222022//19932022//2017
females48.949.656.058.661.663.063.665.668.11.11.4
males73.473.175.574.373.571.373.473.775.70.10.6
//: Average Growth Rates

break in time series: 1999, 2001, 2005, 2017, 2021; estimation 1993-1998

Statbel; Eurostat (2023), European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), before 2010 LFSI_EMP_A_H, from 2010 onwards LFSI_EMP_A, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (consulted on 06/10/2023).

Employment rate by age - Belgium

percentage of population

 1993199520002005201020152017202020222022//19932022//2017
25-5473.674.576.579.780.078.579.579.981.80.40.6
55-6422.622.526.634.437.344.048.353.156.63.23.2
//: Average Growth Rates

break in time series: 1999, 2001, 2005, 2017, 2021; estimation 1993-1998

Statbel; Eurostat (2023), European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), before 2010 LFSI_EMP_A_H, from 2010 onwards LFSI_EMP_A, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (consulted on 06/10/2023).

Employment rate by education - Belgium

percentage of working age population (20-64)

 1992199520002005201020152017202020222022//19922022//2017
at most lower secondary48.746.651.248.848.445.645.945.646.2-0.20.1
upper secondary67.066.369.168.869.167.267.868.168.30.10.1
tertiary83.982.285.482.881.981.882.283.685.10.00.7
//: Average Growth Rates

break in time series: 1999, 2001, 2005, 2011, 2017, 2021

Statbel; Eurostat (2023), European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), lfsa_ergaed, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (consulted on 06/10/2023).

Employment rate by nationality - Belgium

percentage of working age population (20-64)

 199520002005201020152017202020222022//19952022//2017
Belgians63.067.767.768.868.569.871.573.10.60.9
EU27 citizens except Belgians53.961.161.564.966.268.170.273.51.21.5
non-EU citizens32.938.338.842.644.743.440.148.71.52.3
//: Average Growth Rates

break in time series: 1999, 2001, 2005, 2011, 2017, 2021

Statbel; Eurostat (2023), European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), lfsa_erged, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (consulted on 06/10/2023).

Employment rate by nationality: difference between Belgians and non-EU citizens - Belgium

percentage points; working age population (20-64)

 199520002005201020152017202020222022//19952022//2017
difference30.129.428.926.223.826.431.424.4-0.8-1.6
//: Average Growth Rates

break in time series: 1999, 2001, 2005, 2011, 2017, 2021

Statbel; Eurostat (2023), European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), lfsa_erged, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (consulted on 06/10/2023).

Disability employment gap - Belgium

percentage points; working age population (20-64)

 201420152020202120222022//2014
gap34.434.936.338.035.30.3
//: Average Growth Rates

Statbel; Eurostat (2023), European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), tepsr_sp200, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (consulted on 06/10/2023)

Definition: the employment rate is the share of the active employed population in the working age population. The active employed population is defined as the number of persons aged 20 to 64 who worked at least one hour during the reference period, either as a wage earner with an employment contract in the private sector or in the public sector, or as a non-wage earner (self-employed or assistant). It should be noted that the active employed population is also equal to the sum of domestic employment and the balance of cross-border workers (i.e. the difference between the number of Belgian inhabitants working abroad and the number of non-Belgians not living in Belgium and working in Belgium). The working age population is made up of the persons aged 20 to 64.

Employment data used for this indicator are based on the Labour Force Survey (LFS). Statistics Belgium organises this EU-harmonised survey in Belgium and makes the results available, in particular to Eurostat. The survey methodology was reviewed in 2017. Comparison of the 2017 data with previous years should be done with caution. Due to, among other things, changes in the definition of unemployment following a new European framework regulation, the data from 2021 onwards cannot be directly compared with those of 2020. From now on, persons who are temporarily unemployed for more than three months will no longer be counted as employed but as unemployed or inactive, depending on the answers to the questions on job search and availability.For the indicator Employment gap between people with and without disabilities, not the EAK but the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) is used. Indeed, that source includes more detailed information on the severity of disability. The indicator risk of poverty or social exclusion describes this database in more detail, also organised in Belgium by Statistics Belgium.

The data used here0 come from Eurostat, which publishes detailed and comparable results between EU Member States. Since these data are based on surveys, a margin of uncertainty must be taken into account. This margin of uncertainty increases as the indicator is calculated on smaller sub-populations. The confidence intervals for these data are available on request from Statistics Belgium.

Goal: the employment rate must increase.

The Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs adopted by the UN in 2015 include target 8.5: "By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value".

The Federal Long-Term Strategic Vision for Sustainable Development includes the following objectives: "The labour market will be accessible to all and will offer a decent job to each working-age person" (objective 8), "The level of employment will be as stable and high as possible and will respect the principles of a decent job. Every working-age person will have the opportunity to find a paid job" (objective 9) and "Working conditions will be adapted throughout the career to ensure a better quality of life and to be able to work longer" (objective 11) (Belgian Official Gazette, 08/10/2013).

The European Social Summit in Porto on 7 May 2021 agreed new social objectives for 2030 between the European Council, the European Commission, the European Parliament and the social partners, as part of the action plan for the European Pillar of Social Rights (European Commission, 2021) as a follow-up to the Europe 2020 strategy. Those targets were approved by the European Council (European Council, 2021a, 2021b). An employment rate of 78% is targeted in the EU.

The Federal Government agreement of October 2020 (Federal Government, 2020) aims for an employment rate of at least 80% by 2030. The 2023 National Reform Program confirms this (Federal Government, 2023). The following targets have also been agreed for Belgium for 2030: the difference in the employment rate between women and men must be less than 4 percentage points, the difference in the employment rate between persons with and without disabilities must be less than 24.5 percentage points, the employment rate of low-skilled people, persons born outside the EU and persons between 55 and 64 years must be greater than 58.4%, 58.3% and 68.8% respectively (Federal Public Service Social Security, 2023).

International comparison: the employment rate of people aged 20 to 64 in the EU27 is practically always higher than in Belgium throughout the 2000-2022 period and the tendencies run parallel, excepted between 2009 and 2014. The growing trend noticed in Belgium between 2000 and 2008 was also observed in the EU27. In the EU27, this rate increased from 65.5% to 69.5% in this period. Then it decreased to 66.8% in 2013 and rose again to 74.6% in 2022. In 2020, the employment rate in the EU27 was 72.3% and in 2021 again 73.1%. When Member States are divided into three groups, Belgium is part of the group with the poorest performance in 2022. In that year, Netherland ranked first with 82.9% and Italy last with 64.8%.

UN indicator: The selected indicator does not correspond to any monitoring indicator for the SDGs but is related to target 8.5., i.e. achieve full and productive employment.

Sources

More information is available in French and Dutch.